• Há 12 anos, 99 pessoas morreram em acidente com Fokker-100 da TAM em Congonhas

    Sexta-feira, 31 de Outubro de 2008

    Há 12 anos, 99 pessoas morreram em acidente com Fokker-100 da TAM em Congonhas

    No dia 31 de outubro de 1996 um acidente com o Fokker-100 da TAM, vôo 402, que ia de São Paulo para o Rio de Janeiro e caiu minutos depois da decolagem no aeroporto de Congonhas, espalhando destroços sobre dois prédios e sete casas, matou 99 pessoas, sendo 90 passageiros, seis tripulantes e três pessoas que estavam nas ruas. A causa do acidente foi uma rara combinação de falha material funcional e humana, que só aconteceu por causa de um defeito no reverso.

    Investigações da TAM e da Fokker, a empresa que fabrica os aviões, concluíram que o funcionamento indevido de um relé provocou a abertura do reverso direito do jato (que auxilia a freagem e só deve abrir na hora do pouso). Em dezembro de 1997, relatório da Aeronáutica isentou a TAM de culpa e responsabilizou a Fokker por falhas no projeto do avião.

    Segundo o relatório do Centro de Investigação e prevenção de Acidentes Aéreos (Cenipa), durante a decolagem o reverso do motor direito do Fokker-100 abriu sem que nenhum tipo de alarme fosse acionado na cabine de comando, pegando de surpresa uma tripulação que jamais fora treinada para essa situação.

    A Aeronáutica revelou que a Fokker enviara, em 28 de junho de 1995, após consulta prévia da TAM, carta informando que não era necessário treinar os pilotos para esse tipo de emergência porque, simplesmente, era impossível que o reverso do Fokker se abrisse durante a decolagem.

    O relatório diz que a falha no reverso pode ter sido provocada por mudanças no sistema de alimentação de energia do equipamento. Até 1995, o reverso era alimentado por uma barra de energia que serve a toda a aeronave, o que impediria o reverso de funcionar no caso de falha dessa barra. A Fokker decidiu implantar um sistema próprio de alimentação de energia para o reverso que, segundo o Cenipa, aumentou a probabilidade de falha no sistema, que era de uma em dez milhões, para uma em um milhão.

    Um outro fator ajudou a derrubar o avião: os contatos de um relé (controlador de circuitos elétricos) que deveria acionar os sistemas sonoro e visual de alarme na cabine de comando podem ter se fundido antes da decolagem, o que fez com que os pilotos morressem sem saber o que provocou a pane. Esse relé, segundo o coronel Douglas Machado, chefe do Cenipa, foi encontrado 13 dias depois do acidente em meio aos destroços.

    A falha humana detectada pelo Cenipa foi decorrente de outras duas: a falta de informação sobre a pane, provocada pelo relé queimado, e a falta de treinamento para a situação, estimulada pelo fabricante da aeronave. Segundo o relatório, os pilotos não seguiram a recomendação básica de não adotar procedimento algum na cabine de comando antes de a aeronave alcançar altitude de 400 pés (cerca de 250 metros).

    Segundo o coronel Machado, os pilotos poderiam ter ganhado tempo se tivessem deixado o avião subir e se estabilizar, sem forçar o motor em pane por causa do reverso.

    O Cenipa constatou que o único aviso que os pilotos tiveram após a abertura do reverso foi o recuo brusco do manete (o acelerador manual da aeronave), logo depois que o avião saiu do chão e começou a recolher o trem de pouso.

    Uma animação feita por computador, apresentada pela Aeronáutica, mostrou que entre a decolagem e a queda os pilotos travaram uma queda-de-braço com os manetes, numa atitude desesperada para descobrir o que estava ocorrendo. Um dos pilotos decidiu forçar o manete do motor em pane para ganhar potência. Fez tanta força que conseguiu quebrar o cabo de segurança que impede o motor de ganhar potência com o reverso aberto. Os pilotos pensaram que tinham feito tudo certo, esperando o Fokker se chocar cientes de que tinham os manetes à frente e os motores na potência total.

    A tragédia segundo a segundo:

    Autorizado pela torre de controle, às 8h26m o avião começa a correr na pista para decolar

    29 segundos: Neste momento, o avião corre a cerca de 90 quilômetros por minuto na pista

    55 segundos: O avião levanta vôo. O reverso da turbina direita abre e fecha pela primeira vez, sem que o piloto perceba. O manete dá um tranco para trás e o piloto acelera a turbina manualmente

    70 segundos: O reverso abre pela terceira vez e não fecha mais

    74 segundos: O manche do Fokker começa a tremer e o avião perde altura

    79 segundos: O Fokker inclina-se ainda mais para a direita, batendo com a asa num prédio de três andares. O avião explode. Noventa e nove pessoas morrem. São 8h27m.

    Postado por Jorge Tadeu da Silva
    Marcadores: Acidentes Brasil, Notícias Brasil

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  • National Airspace

    24 hours of air traffic in the National Airspace System, provided by NASA

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    Valley View Airport Crash update


    What: 1964 Cessna P206 en route to Valley View Airport in Estacada
    Where: a field near the 30700 block of Northeast Lawrence Road
    When: Found at 7:50 pm
    Who: 54-year-old Mark Greenup, a Christmas tree farmer believed to have been flying the 1964 Cessna
    registered to him, and 50-year-old George Smetana, both killed in the crash
    Why: The pilot called the airport’s owner of the airport to report all of the electrical equipment on the plane had become inoperable.

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    Safety-Minded Qantas heeds Landing gear Indicators

    What: Qantas Boeing 767 en route from Melbourne Airport bound for Sydney,
    Where: Flight 434 left Melbourne at 1.30pm (AEDT) and landed back at Tullamarine at 2.15pm.
    When: shortly after 2:00pm (AEDT)
    Why: After the pilot discovered a fault with landing gear indicators, he returned to the airport where passengers deplaned and took another flight. Passengers were delayed more than two hours.

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    Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva Emergency Landing

    What: en route from Congonhas airport (1030 GMT) in Sao Paulo to the northeastern city of Salvador.
    Where: Cumbica air base
    When: 046 GMT October 28th 2008
    Who: Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva
    Why: The plane landed at Cumbica air base at 1046 GMT, because a light on the pilot’s control panel indicated that the cargo compartment wasn’t properly closed. The cargo compartment was closed, but the control panel was in error. The plane took off again at 9:31 am.

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  • Airnet Electrical Fire in Michigan


    What: twin-engine courier 1978 Beechcraft Baron owned by AirNet Systems of Columbus en route from Detroit Metropolitan Airport to Burke Lakefront Airport near downtown Cleveland
    Where: Erie-Ottawa Regional Airport
    When: OCTOBER 27, 2008 Monday landing about 6:15 p.m
    Who: Kyle Bryant (Bryan?) , of Canton, Mich employee of AirNet Systems of Columbus
    Why: Pilot pilot reported smoke (from a wiring problem) coming from the dashboard. The plane disappeared from radar when the pilot shut off the electricity and flew below the clouds. The fire went out on its own. The pilot landed safely and with commendations.

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    Helicopters In Trouble

    There are at least a dozen news articles today discussing the issue of helicopter safety, many of them responding to the AP article that references the 9 medical crashes in the eleven months.

    Part of the problem is a shortage of night vision (infrared “synthetic vision”) that displays terrain of the type the military uses.

    The article also lists recommendations of the NTSB, which may or may not be adopted by the FAA. The recommendations are as follows:

    • Require EMS helicopter operators to install Terrain Awareness Warning Systems (TAWS) on helicopters. The system warns pilots when helicopters are in danger of crashing into the ground, mountains and some buildings.
    • Require EMS flights that carry only medical personnel to follow the more stringent safety rules that apply to flights carrying patients and organs for donation.
    • Require a formal flight risk evaluation before an EMS flight.
    • Require EMS flights to use formalized dispatch procedures that include up-to-date weather information and assistance in flight risk-assessment decisions.

    One hopes that through this 20-20 hindsight the FAA will have better vision.

    There are issues going on with the FAA. “A federal logjam has held up the report on the Oct. 15 crash.” There have been a lot of crashes lately and the paperwork must be piling up.

    And then there is this: “Shelley Garrett, guardian over Dave Garrett’s only son and heir, filed a product-liability and negligence lawsuit late last week against Bell Helicopter in Harris County District Court” over the channel 13 helicopter crash. While not a medical evacuation crash, it is still helicopter crash news. Are the NTSB and FAA qualified to supervise helicopter safety issues?

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  • Cessna Flips after Hard Landing


    What: Cessna 172 en route from Lafayette
    Where: runway at 2222 S. Airport Rd White County Airport
    When: 5:10 p.m. Oct. 25.
    Who: four people on board
    Why: The cessna approached the airport with a tailwind condition complicated by pilot;s judgment to use the runway without knowing which way the wind was blowing. After a hard landing, the plane flipped forward over its nose. All passengers were able to exit the plane.

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    Homebuilt Crashes in Utah


    What: Blue and white homebuilt plane (described as a small homemade plane with a tube-like frame, cloth covering and a small fiberglass cockpit) en route from the Salt Lake County area.
    Where: Crashed into side of the Oquirrh Mountains near West Canyon a few miles north of Cedar Fort, a small town west of Eagle Mountain and Saratoga Springs off state Route 73.
    When: Around 11:00 a.m. 10-28-2008
    Who: pilot and passenger, both fatalities.
    Why: The crash was witnessed by several onlookers who said the engine died, and the plane began dropping in a spin. and the pilot couldn’t pull the plane’s nose up. (Some witnesses said the plane was doing aerobic stunts; others described a loss of control. The wreckage was on fire when officials arrived. Officers and investigators from Saratoga Springs, Cedar Fort and Eagle Mountain fire departments, Utah County Fire, Utah County Sheriff’s Office, and the state medical examiner were on scene Tuesday.

    Video Courtesy of KSL.com

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    Lufthansa Fire and Emergency Landing

    What: German Lufthansa Airbus A300-600 en route from Malta to Frankfurt.
    Where: Malta International Airport
    When: Tuesday
    Who: 205 passengers evacuated with no injuries.
    Why: The crew reported a fire in its cargo hold and returned for an emergency landing 25 minutes after embarking.

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    Sewage Landing

    What: Cessna
    Where: Thames Airport on New Zealand’s North Island
    When: Monday October 27, 2008
    Who: Pilot
    Why: Pilot overshot the runway. The pilot was not hurt but the plane landed in a sewage pond and had to swim (through the sewage pond) to safety.

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    Historic Plane Lands in Rialto


    What: yellow 1941 Naval Aircraft Factory N3N-3, a World War II-era trainer en route from from Flabob Airport in Riverside
    Where: in a field off North Laurel Avenue near Rialto Municipal Airport
    When: and had been gone less than 30 minutes before the 12:30 p.m. emergency landing
    Who: Pilot Kevin McKenzie
    Why: The plane had engine trouble and lost power at 150 feet. On landing, the plane suffered minor damage to the wings. There were no injuries.

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  • |

    Out of Gas Field Landing

    What: biplane
    Where: in a field southeast of Ohio 123 near the Ohio 122 intersection north of Lebanon in Clearcreek Township.
    When: Sunday, Oct 26, about 5:20 p.m
    Who: Nobody was injured and no damage was done and only the pilot was aboard.
    Why: The plane ran out of gas, landed, refueled and and took off by 6:45 p.m

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    Safe Power-Off Landing at Southern Illinois Airport

    What: Cessna 172/RG owned by Southern Illinois University Carbondale on an administrative flight “to check the plane’s operational systems”
    Where: grassy area adjacent to a landing strip at Southern Illinois Airport.
    When: October 26 Sunday at 10:30 a.m.
    Who: The pilot was a part-time flight instructor; a student also was on board.
    Why: One side of the landing gear malfunctioned. The pilot circled for more than an hour to burn fuel, then made a power-off landing, then the plane slid about 30 yards on its belly before stopping. Officials are saying that “The pilot was incredible”

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    Jaw-Breaking Cessna Crash on Okinawa

    What: four-seater Cessna 172
    Where: sugarcane field in Nago on the southern Japanese island of Okinawa
    When: Friday,
    Who: The pilot–a 45-year-old airman from Kadena Air Base–broke his jaw. The three others aboard were rescued without injuries.
    Why: The plane ran low on fuel while while returning to base.

    The plane cracked its nose cone and caught fire as soon as it hit the ground. It also hit a power line on descent and caused a power outage.

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    Four Dead in Russian Helicopter Incident


    What: Mi-8 helicopter belonging to the Kazan helicopter factory
    Where: near the capital of Russia’s Volga Republic of Tatarstan on the outskirts of Kazan.
    When: During a test flight Sunday around 2 p.m. (1100 GMT)
    Who: Five individuals–three crewmembers and two test experts–one of whom parachuted out of the cabin before the helicopter’s fall at an altitude of about 70 meters. He has been taken to hospital in a state of shock. .
    Why: The incident is under investigation. The helicopter recently underwent repairs.

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  • Ireland: Missing Wreckage, Bodies Found

    What: Piper PA-28 single-engined plane en route from Gloucester to County Kildare in the Irish Republic
    Where: remote mountain region in the Corriebracks, just south of Hollywood, in the west of the county, 40 kilometers (25 miles) southwest of Dublin, in a mountainous area accessible only by helicopter.
    When: Plane went missing Saturday
    Who: pilot, Sharif Booz, was travelling with his wife, Margaret, his son and his son’s friend
    Why: When it was discovered to be missing, the plane’s last-known location was determined to be over the Wicklow mountains at around 12.30 pm, The plane was found with its nose was embedded in the ground.

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  • Hard Mud Landing in Utah Lakebed

    What: Rans S-7 homebuilt en route from Idaho Falls, Idaho to Lake Havasu along the California/Arizona border.
    Where: the dry lake bed of Sevier Lake
    When: Friday
    Who: Pilot Errol Spaulding of Rigby and passenger Dale Cresap of Idaho Falls
    Why: The plane landed in several feet of soft deep mud in Sevier Lake and had to be retrieved by a hovercraft. After landing, the plane’s wheels sank into the mud, tilting the plane forward onto the propeller which was damaged.

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    Teenager Lands in Oregon Basin

    What: 1978 Cessna fixed wing, single engine aircraft en route from Hillsboro Airport to Corvallis
    Where: in the Jackson Bottom Wildlife Refuge
    When: Saturday
    Who: Teenaged pilot
    Why: The Cessna experienced mechanical problems near Hillsboro Airport.

    The dates reported are not infrequently incorrect. One wonders if this misreported unfound Florida Hillsboro Imaginary Crash may have somehow been a misdirected Ham radio report of the above Hillsboro Oregon Crash.

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    Smoke Forces Emergency Landing in Sweden

    What: SAS Boeing 737
    Where: Vasteras Airport in Sweden
    When: Friday
    Who: 97 passengers and six crew were evacuated down the slides
    Why: smoke was detected in the cabin while the plane was on its way to Stockholm from Oslo in Norway, and was then diverted to Vasteras Airport, some 40 nautical miles west of Stockholm’s Arlanda Airport. Smoke was thick, and passengers were wearing oxygen masks when the plane landed.

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    Piper Crash in Virginia Kills Man and Woman


    What: single-engine aircraft, Piper PA-24 en route from Asheville, North Carolina, to Charlottesville
    Where: in a densely wooded area about one-half mile from Route 20 near the Charlottesville-Albemarle Airport
    When: Oct. 24, 2008 7:20 p.m. Friday
    Who: 47-year-old Thomas Mahoney and 50-year-old Elizabeth Marie Paris died instantly.
    Why: The airport received a distress call at 7:20. The crash occurred 12 miles from CHO after the flight hadbeen cleared for an instrument approach to the airport, but the aircraft was found crashed 2 hours later at approximately 9:30 p.m. Weather conditions were unfavorable. (It was drizzling.)

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  • Nose landing at Portland airport

    What: Angel Flight plane (not being used for a patient)
    Where: Portland Jetport
    When: Thursday afternoon
    Who: The pilot was the only one on board. No injuries.
    Why: nose gear was damaged — meaning the front wheel would not fully extend — so the plane was forced to land on its belly.

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    Eight Die In Italian Helicopter Crash

    What: Search and Rescue Italian Sikorsky HH3F Pelican Helicopter en route from Dijon to Florent-en-Argonne
    Where: field in eastern France near the town of near the town of Vaubecourt in the Meuse department and L’Isle-en-Barrois
    When: Thursday 1430 local time
    Who: Eight Italian military personnel on board all died
    Why: The helicopter crashed in flames, 4.30 pm local time (1430GMT) in open countryside not far from Strasbourg . The weather was clear. The cause of the crash is currently under investigation

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    Lost or Imaginary Plane Crash


    What: Cessna
    Where: a wooded area around Buckeye Road in Manatee County, Florida
    When: Thursday evening.
    Who: unknown
    Why: No holds were barred as emergency and rescue teams searched for a reported crash. Manatee Fire Rescue, Hillsborough Aviation and Coast Guard Aviation unsuccessfully searched a three mile radius.

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    Pilot Dies in Selmer TN

    What: Piper model PA30 registered to Hopkins Auto & Aircraft Sales in Corinth, Miss
    Where: rural area south of Selmer Tennessee near U.S. Highway 45
    When: Thursday night.
    Who: Leroy Hopkins, the pilot was the only person aboard. Business owner from Corinth MS.
    Why: The cause has not been determined.

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