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George Hatcher's Air Flight Disaster

SAFETY Alert SA_045

See and Be Seen: Your Life Depends on It
Maintaining Separation from Other Aircraft
The problem
Accidents have occurred in which pilots operating near one another did not maintain adequate visual lookout and failed to see and avoid the other aircraft.
While some accidents occurred in high-traffic areas (near airports), some accidents occurred in cruise flight; in the cases described below, the pilots were flying in daytime visual meteorological conditions.
All pilots can be vulnerable to distractions in the cockpit, and the presence of technology has introduced challenges to the see-and-avoid concept. Aviation applications on portable electronic devices (PEDs) such as cell phones, tablets, and handheld GPS units, while useful, can lead to more head-down time, limiting a pilot’s ability to see other aircraft.
Related accidents
In January 2015, two Piper PA-18s collided near Wasilla, Alaska, while conducting cross-country flights. The commercial pilots of each airplane sustained serious injuries. A ground witness indicated that the airplanes were converging at a 90 ? rightangle and that neither airplane changed altitude or direction as they approached one another. (ANC15FA009)
In September 2014, a Cessna 172 and an amateur-built Searey collided near Buffalo-Lancaster Regional Airport, Lancaster, New York, while participating in a fly-in event. The commercial pilot and passenger of the Cessna 172 died, and the private pilot and passenger of the Searey were not injured. Both airplanes were traveling westbound with the Cessna behind the Searey. The Cessna was traveling about 90 knots and was gradually descending, and the Searey was traveling about 70 knots and was gradually climbing when the Cessna overtook it. (ERA14FA459)
In March 2012, a Cessna 172 and a Cessna 180 collided near Longmont, Colorado, about 7,200 ft mean sea level. The private pilot and instructor in the Cessna 172 died, and the pilot of the Cessna 180 sustained minor injuries. The Cessna 172 was in level flight on a north-northeast course, and the Cessna 180 was in a gradual climb on a northerly course. The pilots were not in contact with air traffic control at the time of the accident, and neither pilot maintained adequate visual lookout for the other airplane. (CEN12FA199)

In July 2011, a Cessna 180 and a Cessna 206 collided about 900 ft above ground level near Talkeetna, Alaska. The airline transport-rated pilot of the Cessna 206 was not injured, and the private pilot and three passengers of the Cessna 180 died. The pilots were monitoring different radio frequencies and failed to see and avoid the other airplane as each was approaching Amber Lake on the left downwind. (ANC11FA071)
What can pilots do?
Be vigilant and use proper techniques to methodically scan for traffic throughout
your flight, not only in high-volume traffic areas.
Divide your attention inside and outside the aircraft and minimize distractions (including nonessential conversations, photography or sightseeing activities, and PED use) that may degrade your ability to maintain awareness of other aircraft.
Make your aircraft as visible as possible to other aircraft by turning on available lights, including anticollision lights, and consider using high-intensity discharge or LED lighting.
Clearly communicate your intentions and use standard phraseology, known distances, and obvious ground references to alert other pilots of your location.
Recognize that some conditions make it harder to see other aircraft, such as operating in areas where aircraft could be masked by surrounding terrain or buildings and when sun glare is present.
Encourage passengers to help look for traffic and, during instructional flights, ensure that one pilot is always responsible for scanning for traffic.
Effectively use on-board traffic advisory systems, when available, to help visually acquire and avoid other aircraft and not as a substitute for an outside visual scan.
Need more information?
The following Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) advisory circulars (ACs) can be accessed from www.faa.gov:
AC 90-48C, “Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance”
AC 90-66A, “Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns for Aeronautical Operations
at Airports without Operating Control Towers”
AC 90-42F, “Traffic Advisory Practices at Airports without Operating Control
Towers”
The website www.seeandavoid.org, which is funded by the FAA and the Air National Guard, provides pilots with information and education on airspace, visual identification, aircraft performance, and mutual hazards to safe flight to help eliminate midair collisions.
The FAA Aviation Safety Program publication “How to Avoid a Mid Air Collision” (P-8740-51), which describes pilot scanning techniques and offers a useful collision avoidance checklist, can be accessed from the FAA Safety Team’s web page at www.faasafety.gov.

Download safety alert SAFETY Alert SA_045 pdf

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  • Home
  • About Air Flight Disaster
  • About George
  • Air Crash Consultants
  • Legal
    • FAA Reauthorization Act
    • FAA Reauthorization Summary
    • #MH370 Definition of Underwater Search Areas Dec 3
    • Proposals to Enhance Aircraft Tracking and Flight Data Recovery
    • Tarmac Delay Ruling
  • Missing
  • NTSB
    • NTSB Most Wanted
      • Reduce Dangers to Aircraft Flying in Icing Conditions
    • 9/11 Boatlift
    • Acton CA, Fatal BELL Crash Report Preliminary
    • Aeroflot Nord PERM-NTSB Report September 14, 2008
    • AERONAVES DE MEXICO Accident Report
    • Aeronaves de Mexico Safety Recommendation Letter
    • Air Methods Airbus Helicopter Frisco Crash July 3, 2015 Preliminary report
    • Airworthiness Information Bulletin SAIB SW-19-15
    • Buffalo- NTSB Report February 12, 2009
    • Definition of the Underwater Search Areas MH370
    • FAA Criticisms are nothing new: A history
    • GOL – NTSB Report September 29, 2006
    • Hudson River-NTSB EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Jan 15, 2009
    • ITEK-NTSB Report August 24, 2008
    • Lack of Consideration for Human Factors Led to In-Flight Breakup of SpaceShipTwo
    • NASA Controller Fatigue Assessment Report Q&A
    • NTSB is Beginning Investigation of the Sightseeing Plane Crash in Alaska
    • NTSB Preliminary of the Ketchikan Air Taxi cruise flight crash on June 25, 2015 that killed 9
    • NTSB Publishes Interpretation
    • NTSB Releases Preliminary Agenda for Investigative Hearing on WMATA Smoke and Electrical Arcing Accident
    • NTSB Update on British Airways Engine Fire at Las Vegas
    • October MH370 Update: AE-2014-054_MH370-FlightPathAnalysisUpdate.pdf
    • S7 Airlines (formerly Sibir) NTSB Report July 08, 2006
    • SAFETY Alert SA_045
    • Security Vulnerability Involving Airlines
    • Sikorsky Newfoundland -NTSB Report March 12, 2009
    • SPANAir-NTSB Report August 20, 2008
    • TAM NTSB Report July 17, 2007
    • Tony Tyler – 71ST Annual General Meeting
    • Transcripts
    • #MH17 Passenger Manifest
  • Reports
    • #MH370 2nd Interim Statement
    • #MH470 4th Interim Statement
    • 2014.10.04 Emirates A332 at Karachi breathing equipment catches fire
    • 2015-10-31 Interim Statement of Metrojet crash
    • 2016 MH370 Debris examination – update No. 4
    • 2016-05 Silk Way Airlines Camp Dwyer Preliminary Report
    • 2016.09.23: MH370 Debris Report
    • 7 March 2017 Laptop Battery Fire in Airliner Cabin Final report
    • AAIB Safety Report 2017
    • Air Bagan 25 DECEMBER 2012 Final report
    • B38M_PK-LQP_PRELIMINARY.pdf
    • B737-8 (MAX) Registered ET-AVJ Preliminary report
    • Boeing Max Prohibition
    • Capetown Incident Report Missing Cowling July 18 2014
    • Fed Ex Flight 910 Landing Gear Collapse DCA17MA022
    • Final of Noar Linhas Aéreas Flight 4896
    • Final Report G-EZGE Airbus Ibiza Airport Spain accident on 19 June 2016
    • Final report of AirAsia Flight QZ8501
    • Final Report of Germanwings Pilot Suicide Crash
    • Final Report on Ryanair B738 and Vueling A320 Near Collision in Sevilla
    • Final Report on Tatarstan B735 at Kazan on Nov 17th 2013
    • Final report: Runway Incursions Between the Parallel Runways at Toronto/Lester B. Pearson International Airport, Ontario
    • Final Report: Transasia AT72 at Makung on Jul 23rd 2014
    • Final: Smolensk “Severny” airdrome, to the Tupolev Tu-154M (pdf)
    • Final: Poland Tupolev Tu-154M (English PDF
    • FinalATR72 202OY-LHA
    • Flight 771
    • Flybe DH8D Dutch Safety Board report
    • FlyDubai Interim Report: Flight 981
    • Garuda Indonesia Flight 865
    • Germanwings 9525 Interim Report (PDF)
    • GoJet Airlines Final Report CRJ-700, N367CA
    • Incident investigation of 13-MAR-2016 Canadair CL-600-2B19 Challenger 850 owed by Elytra Charter
    • LAM 470 final report 2016
    • MAK Announcement of Boeing 747 Air Cargo Crash Manas Airport
    • MH17 Preliminary Crash Report
    • MH370 Debris report
    • MH370 First Principle Review
    • MH370 Interim Report
    • MH370 Official: Debris Report Released on MH370
    • MH370 Report: Debris Examination Report April 19, 2016
    • MH370 THIRD TRIPARTITE MINISTERIAL MEETING
    • MH370- Search for MH370 and ocean surface drift
    • Montreal Position paper
    • Preliminary report: MyCargo B744 at Bishkek on Jan 16th 2017
    • PT Wings Abadi Airlines Preliminary report
    • Report on Propair Flight 420
    • Ryanair B738 Crew Injury AAIB report
    • Text of the U.S Senate’s version of FAA reauthorization legislation
    • TransAsia Airways Flight GE235 Final report (summary)
    • US BANGLA AIRLINES, BOMBARDIER (UBG-211), DHC-8-402, S2-AGU, AT TRIBHUVAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, KATHMANDU, NEPAL Final
    • Yemenia-Comoros Final report (French)
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